By Apostle Andre Pelser
Isaiah
65
"Behold,
My servants shall eat,
But
you shall be hungry;
Behold,
My servants shall drink,
But
you shall be thirsty;
Behold,
My servants shall rejoice,
But
you shall be ashamed;
14 Behold, My servants shall sing for joy of heart,
But
you shall cry for sorrow of heart,
And
wail for grief of spirit.
[1]
Christ did not crown himself.
"God also hath highly exalted him." The crown was put upon the head of Christ
by God; and there is to me a very sweet reflection in this-that the hand that
put the crown on Christ's head, will one day put the crown on ours; that the
same Mighty One who crowned Christ, "King of kings, and Lord of lords," will
crown us, when he shall make us "kings and priests unto him forever." "I know,"
said Paul, "there is laid up for me a crown of glory which fadeth not away,
which God the righteous judge, shall give me in that day."
Now,
just pause over this thought-that Christ did not crown himself, but that his
Father crowned him; that he did not elevate himself to the throne of majesty,
but that his Father lifted him there, and placed him on the throne.... Man never
highly exalted Christ.... Man hissed him, mocked him, hooted him. Words were not
hard enough-they would use stones.... And stones failed; nails must be used, and
he must be crucified.... Man did not exalt him.... Man dishonored him; "God also
exalted him." Believer, if all men speak ill of thee, lift up thy head, and
say, "Man exalted not my Master; I thank him that he exalts not me. The servant
should not be above the master.... God will remember me, and highly exalt me
after all, though man casts me down."[2]
1. stephanos (stevfano" , (4735), primarily, that which surrounds, as a wall or crowd (from stephoµ, to
encircle), denotes (a) the victor's crown, the symbol of triumph in the
games or some such contest; hence, by metonymy, a reward or prize; (b) a
token of public honour for distinguished service, military prowess etc., or of
nuptial joy, or festal gladness, especially at the parousia of kings. It was
woven as a garland of oak, ivy, parsley, myrtle or olive, or in imitation of
these in gold. In some passages the reference to the games is clear, 1 Cor.
9:25; 2 Tim. 4:8 ("crown of righteousness"); it may be so in 1 Pet. 5:4, where
the fadeless character of "the crown of glory" is set in contrast to the
garlands of earth. In other passages it stands as an emblem of life, joy,
reward and glory, Phil. 4:1; 1 Thess. 2:19; Jas. 1:12 ("crown of life"); Rev.
2:10 (ditto); 3:11; 4:4, 10; of triumph, 6:2; 9:7; 12:1; 14:14.
It is used of the crown of
thorns which the soldiers plaited and put on Christ's head, Matt. 27:29; Mark
15:17; John 19:2, 5. At first sight this might be taken as an alternative for diadeµma, a kingly
crown (see below), but considering the blasphemous character of that
masquerade, and the materials used, obviously diadeµma would be
quite unfitting and the only alternative was stephanos (see
Trench § xxxii).¶
2.
diadeµma (diavdhma , (1238) is never used as stephanos is; it
is always the symbol of kingly or imperial dignity, and is translated "diadem"
instead of "crown" in the R.V., of the claims of the Dragon, Rev. 12:3; 13:1; 19:12[3]
stephanooµ (stefanovw , (4737)), to crown, conforms in
meaning to stephanos; it is used of the reward of victory in the games, in 2 Tim.
2:5; of the glory and honour bestowed by God upon man in regard to his position
in creation, Heb. 2:7; of the glory and honour bestowed upon the Lord Jesus in
His exaltation, ver. 9[4]
CROWN. Prescribed for priests, Ex.
29:6; 39:30; Lev. 8:9. Worn by kings, 2 Sam. 1:10; 12:30; 2 Kin. 11:12; Esth. 6:8; Song 3:11; Rev. 6:2; by queens, Esth. 1:11; 2:17; 8:15. Made of gold, Psa. 21:3;
Zech. 6:11. Of victory, 2 Tim. 2:5. An ornament, Ezek. 23:42; 16:12. Set with gems, 2 Sam. 12:30;
1 Chr. 20:2; Zech. 9:16; Isa. 62:3.Of thorns, Matt. 27:29; Mark 15:17; John
19:5.See Wreaths.
Figurative:
Isa.
28:5
1
Cor. 9:25
2
Tim. 4:8
Jas.
1:12
1
Pet. 5:4
Rev.
2:10
Rev.
3:11
Symbolical: Rev. 4:4,10; 6:2; 9:7; 12:1,3;
13:1; 14:14; 19:12.[5]
Glory'
generally represents Heb. kaµb_oÆd_, with the root idea of
‘heaviness' and so of ‘weight' or ‘worthiness'. It is used of men to describe
their wealth, splendour or reputation (though in the last sense kaµb_oÆd_ is often
rendered ‘honour'). The glory of Israel was not her armies but Yahweh
(Je. 2:11). The word could also mean the self or soul (Gn.
49:6).
The
most important concept is that of the glory of Yahweh. This denotes the
revelation of God's being, nature and presence to mankind, sometimes with
physical phenomena.
In
the Pentateuch the glory of Yahweh went with his people out of Egypt and was shown in the cloud
which led them through the wilderness (Ex. 16:7, 10). The cloud rested on Mt
Sinai, where Moses saw his glory (Ex. 24:15-18). No man could see God's face
and live (Ex. 33:20), but some vision of his glory was granted (Ex. 34:5-8).
The
glory of Yahweh filled the tabernacle (Ex. 40:34-35) and appeared especially at
the hour of sacrifice (Lv. 9:6, 23). These passages seem all to be connected
with a ‘thunderstorm-theophany', but there are also passages which suggest more
the character of Yahweh which is to be made known throughout the earth (Nu. 14:21-22).
The
historical books tell of the Temple's becoming the place where
the glory of Yahweh was especially to be located (1 Ki. 8:11; 2 Ch. 7:1-3).
In
the prophets there are both the quasi-physical conception of Yahweh's glory as
seen in the visions of Ezekiel (Ezk. 1:28, etc.) and also a more
spiritualized doctrine (Is. 40:4-5; 60:1-3, etc.). The vision of Isaiah
in the Temple seems to combine both ideas (Is. 6:1-4).
There
can be found, likewise, in the psalms all the imagery of the storm (Pss. 18;
29) and also the idea of the future display of God's character to the world
(Pss. 57:11; 96:3).
II. In the New Testament
Here
the lxx is followed in translating
kaµb_oÆd_ by doxa. In secular Greek this means ‘opinion' or ‘reputation'. The
former idea disappears entirely in the lxx
and NT, and words akin to kaµb_oÆd_ are also rendered by doxa.
In
certain places in the NT doxa refers to human honour (Mt. 4:8;
6:29), but its chief use is to describe the revelation of
the character and the presence of God in the Person and work of Jesus Christ.
He is the outshining of the divine glory (Heb. 1:3).
The
glory of God was seen by the shepherds at the birth of Christ (Lk. 2:9, 14) and
by his disciples during his incarnate life (Jn. 1:14). Particularly was it
revealed in his seµmeia (Jn. 2:11) and at his transfiguration
(Mt. 17:1-8; Mk. 9:2-8; Lk. 9:28-36). This recalls the ascent
of Moses to Sinai (Ex. 24:15) and of Elijah to Horeb (1 Ki. 19:8) and their
visions of the glory of God. Now Christ both sees and reflects the divine
glory, but no tabernacle needs to be built because the Word of God has pitched
his tent in the human flesh of Jesus (Jn. 1:14) and his glory is to be more
fully revealed at the coming exodus at Jerusalem (Lk. 9:31) and finally at his parousia.
In
the Fourth Gospel it is the hour of dedication to death which is essentially
the hour of glory (Jn. 7:39; 12:23-28; 13:31; 17:5; cf. Heb. 2:9).
The
resurrection and ascension are also seen as manifestations of the glory of God
in Christ (Lk. 24:26; Acts 3:13; 7:55; Rom. 6:4; 1 Tim. 3:16; 1 Pet. 1:21). But above all it is to be
revealed in its fullness at the parousia (Mk. 8:38; 13:26, etc.).
Man,
who was made as the image and glory of God (1 Cor. 11:7) for relationship with
him, has fallen short of his destiny (Rom. 3:23), which has been fulfilled
only by Christ, the second Adam (Heb. 2:6-9).
The
glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ is still to be seen and reflected by
the church (2 Cor. 4:3-6). It is the glory of the new covenant (2 Cor. 3:7-11),
and it is especially shared both now (1 Pet. 4:14) and hereafter (Rom. 8:18) by those who suffer with
Christ. The object of the church is to see that the world acknowledges the
glory which is God's (Rom. 15:9) and is shown in his deeds (Acts 4:21), in his
disciples (1 Cor. 6:20) and above all in his Son, the Lord of glory (Rom.
16:27).
Bibliography. A. M. Ramsey, The Glory of God and the
Transfiguration of Christ, 1949; A. Richardson, An Introduction to the
Theology of the New Testament, 1958, pp. 64ff.; C. H. Dodd, The
Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel, 1953, pp. 201ff.; S. Aalen, NIDNTT
2, pp. 44-52; G. Kittel, G. Von Rad, TDNT 2, pp. 233-255. r.e.n.[6]
GLORY (3513,
1921, 3367, 6643, 142, 1935, 6286)
The
Hebrew word kaµboµdh, denoting glory, honor (the most frequent word), literally
means "weight," hence Paul's mention of the "eternal weight of glory" (2
Corinthians 4:17). The phrase "my glory" has referenee to the tongue,
in Psalms 16:9 (compare Acts 2:26); 30:12 (margin); 57:8;
108:1. The tongue, as the interpreter of the soul, is the glory of man as
superior to the brute; it is that by which he glorifies God, and therefore as
associated with the soul, is man's highest glory.
The
Hebrew word haµdaµr signifies that which is beauteous, excellent, majestic. It is
rendered "glory" in Deuteronomy 33:17 (KJV;
majesty in R.V.); Psalms 90:16; Isaiah 2:10, 19:21; 5:14; Micah 2:9. The associated
word heder is rendered "glory" in Daniel 1 1:20. The word t\oµhar
signifying purity or brightness is rendered "glory" in the KJV of Psalms 89:44
(R.V "brightness"). The Aramaic word yeqa|-r, however, is rendered
"glory" in Daniel 2:37; 4:36; 5:18; 7:14. Hebrew s\ebhéÆ denoting
that which is prominent, conspicuous (like a roe, another meaning of the word)
is rendered "glory" in Isaiah 13:19; 23:9; 24:16; 28:5; Ezekiel 20:6, 15; 25:9;
26:20. Hebrew Ôaddereth, signifying something ample, is rendered "glory," in Zechariah
11:3. Hebrew hoÆdh, "grandeur" (that is, an imposing form and appearance) is
rendered "glory" in Job 39:20; 40:10; Psalms 45:3; 148:13; Jeremiah 22:18;
Habakkuk 3:3; Zechariah 6:13. Hebrew tiphÔereth, an ornament, is rendered
"glory" in several places, for example, 1 Chronicles 22:5; 29:11; Psalms 78:61;
89:17; Proverbs 4:9; 16:31; 17:6; 19:11; 20:29; 28:12; Isaiah 10:12; 20:5;
46:13; 60:7, and so forth.
A
man's glory sometimes signifies his material prosperity (for example, Isaiah
61:6). So in regard to the glory of nations (Haggai 2:7) the glory of the king
or a nation consists in the warriors that indicate his or its might (Isaiah
8:7; 17:3; 21:16). Glory may stand for reputation, as in 2 Samuel
6:20; Job 29:20; Psalms 4:2.
The
glory of Jehovah signifies His Self-revealed Being and character (for example,
Exodus 33:17-23; Isaiah 6:3, margin). Sometimes the glory of Jehovah denotes a
physical phenomenon and indicates His presence (for example, Ezekiel 1:28; 11:23).
God
is the glory of His saints (Jeremiah 2:11) and they are His glory
(Isaiah 62:3;Jeremiah 13:11). [7]
[1]Spirit Filled Life Daily
Devotional Bible, (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers) 1998, c1993.
[2]Spirit Filled Life Daily
Devotional Bible, (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers) 1998, c1993.
[3]Vine, W. E., Vine's
Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, (Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell) 1981.
[4]Vine, W. E., Vine's
Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, (Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell) 1981.
[5]Swanson, James, Editor, New
Nave's Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems,
Inc.) 1994.
[6]The New Bible Dictionary, (Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers,
Inc.) 1962.
[7]Vine, W. E., Vine's
Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, (Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell) 1981.